Klima-Eigenschaften
- Hazelnut shrubs and trees need high relative humidity (70-80%)
- Hazelnut shrubs and trees need much precipitation in the fruit growth period (June – August)
- The most appropriate terrains are the ones with 700-800 mm precipitation annually
- It is more resistant to low temperatures than most fruits
Boden-Beschaffenheit
- It grows in different types of soil, both in fertile humus and depleted skeletal soils.
- Mean provided soil with 3 % humus, 7-10 mg phosphorus, 25-30 mg potassium.
- Hazelnut shrub or tree requires a lot of water in soil, pH in H2O – 6,0 to 8,0.
Haselnuss-Düngung
The basic agrotechnical measure influencing the yield increase and fruit quality.
- The need for fertilizers on annual level includes: approximately 200kg/ha of pure nitrogen
Around 80-100kg/ha pure phosphorus
Around 150-200kg/ha pure potassium - Soils of neutral reaction pH 6,8-7,3.
- Soil analysis is obligatory prior to setting up plantation.
Hazelnut irrigation
The climate in the summer months in Vojvodina causes drought and the precipitation arrangement does not suit the growth and development of the shrubs and trees. Intensive hazelnut production cannot be conceived without irrigation, bearing in mind that differentiation of flower buds begins in MAY for MALE catkins, and in JUNE, JULY for FEMALE flower parts.
The fruit is watered from May till August. In case of water lack, the yield can be reduced up to 60%.
Hazelnut protection
The advantage of this fruit is precisely in the fact that it is less demanding in terms of protection in relation to other fruit types. Protection is conducted according to phenophases of development, not according to calendar.
Hazelnut pruning
- It is just one measure of the growth system, but the most crucial.
- Pomotechnic measure, encourages healthy growth, reduces disease and increases fruit yields.
- Pruning influences the beginning of yield, yield size, fruit quality and balanced and regular yield.
The aim of the pruning process is to attain a bigger number of long annual plants 20 – 40 cm since they give the best yield, and to achieve a good light distribution of the crown. The most flower buds are formed at the top and around the crown, since those are the parts with the best light distribution. This is why it is essential to perform the correct pruning of the crown. Cutting the annual branches too short is not recommendable.
In order to secure regular and high yield and good fruit quality, the shrub needs to be pruned every year and rid of old and exhausted branches, since without the growth of the new ones, there would be no yield.